How can social phenomena in the modern era be defined and studied? A brilliant German scholar's work longtime ignored and forgotten by the Western academics returns to the relevance for it's particular way of considering the complex relationship between the social and the individual through an ingenious concept, i.e., formism. By this concept Georg Simmel offered a new epistemological legitimacy through which diverse social forms make a clear distinction with what is contained within the container. This methodological approach aims to uncover what invariant elements remain in any circumstances exist in the social life. Heavily criticized by Emil Durkheim regarded as a founder of modern sociology and his followers, the german sociologist born in Berlin into a jewish family becomes one of the most important sociologists who tried to change the way of how the social and individual are articulated in the modern society. Therefore Georg Simmel has often been thought of a great contributor to establish an unusual, ‘unorthodox' sociology putting an importance on the act of observing and of perceiving through senses as a prime role in the recherches of social studies. His main concern was to conduct in a deeper manner an inquiry into what are called the crevices(anfractuaosités) of the social and the intimate as well. In the modern society in which the perceiving through the eyes overshadows the other senses like the smelling. Indeed, the olfaction was a privileged sense in the traditional communities like small villages. In conjunction with the predominant visuality, the aspects of everyday life(la quotidienneté) such as the superficial, frivolous or fleeting have become an authentic subject matter for the study of sociology thanks to G. Simmel's academic contribution.

From linguistic point of view, discourse is an individual action which is the product of language use. Such an action that ties outward and lived experiences of enunciator with inward quest of language into discourse is our main focus of attention alongside other related issues which this study tries to investigate thoroughly. Among diverse functions of discourse three characteristics entitled resistive, insisting and appeasing are those properties that are the foundations of many discourses. Discursive resistance negates an assertive and stabilized status with creation of different and novel situation. The most important issue of assertive status negation of a discourse is to open the way to a new perspective which represents the trajectory of discursive and can prepare the situations of development and transcendence. Resistance and insistence redefine discursive power. Accordingly, power can change the situation of assertive status with quantitative extension of its presence. Now, it should investigate how and based on which functions the discourse will encounter dynamic process of appeasement and changes assertive and stabilized circumstances? The main objective of this study is to analyze three dimensional feature of discourse which are resistive, insisting and appeasing attributes in the framework of semiotics.

The case of sudden stroke stroke aphasia presented in this chapter concerns Elisabeth, a French teacher (Yaneva-Nedeva, 2017). This study is part of the paradigm of general linguistics, language didactics, and theoretical and remedial neuro-psycholinguistics. Elizabeth is aphasic and she has motor sequelae, with some disorders of oral expression (sub-agrammatism) but a good verbal and written comprehension. The didactics of languages is approached, to show the interest of its application to the rehabilitation of the language of aphasic subjects, via the notion of "preceptorship" (Jacquet-Andrieu, 2012). Aphasia is a drama experienced by the person and his entourage. To offer aphasic patients care in respect of their human dignity, respecting medical ethics and without their being infantilized, we will draw on the variety of methods of language didactics. A relationship of trust is established in the care relationship over time that will explain how the linguist becomes a therapist and how he models the process of care through various methodologies, the purpose being to observe the strengths, linguistic progress at the end of the experiment.

Utilizing cultural heritage is not simply limited to appreciating fixed forms, but constantly creating various appreciators by interpreting inherent value and functions in a creative way. This paper examined issues of preservation and utilization controversial in terms of active appreciation of cultural heritage and organized a theoretical conceptual framework for the sustainable succession of cultural heritage based on Peirce's unlimited semiosis. The sustainable succession of cultural heritage is achieved by consensus with cultural heritage contents as a change in medium and appreciation arisen in the course of reproducing cultural heritage contents; in other words, technique expanding appreciating odes of historical value embedded in cultural heritage. It is an reflective exploratory process on cultural heritage shared by communities as interpretive communication among cultural heritage contents users. It also refers to an interactive discourse process that represents or creates local culture by utilizing cultural heritage.

On 23 June 2016, after the referendum, the United Kingdom decided to leave the European Union. On 29 March 2017, British Prime Minister Theresa May triggered article 50 of Lisbon Treaty which initiated Brexit negotiation between the UK and the EU. Behind the leave camp, this paper considers the main contributors of Brexit would have approached the potential voters in a strategic manner. For finding out the mechanism, this paper focuses on the social media as one of the effective communication tools for these contributors and the leave camp. Based on the literature review, despite the significance and influence of Facebook, this paper considers social network analysis based on Facebook seemed to be neglected. For tackling this concern, this paper conducted a social network analysis featured by NodeXL—network analysis software—for finding out the co-comments networks of Brexit main actors' Facebook fan pages. After the analysis, we found out a couple of findings: 1. among the main actors of Brexit, the campaign organisation of leave camp (Leave.EU) had more participants and denser connection among themselves comparing with other actors (Nigel Farage or UKIP); and, 2. the Leave Camp successfully approached potential voters by maintaining closer connection. These results indicate that Facebook was also one of the effective tools for the Leave Camp to approach its potential voters.

Walter Benjamin once noted that the art of narrating touched to the end, when regretting the ‘disappearing of the beauty of genre'32 that had been produced by narrators through the European literary tradition. Benjamin's profound insight into the fate of narrativity has returned to relevance in today's unprecedented technological context. With the development of artificial intelligence technology, we are becoming accustomed to the emerging phenomenon of conversational robots. Considering the growing interest in ‘chatterbots (chatbots, bots)' and their spreading popularity over diverse sectors, academic scholars like us feel more than ever forced to seriously take them into account and entered into debates on the crucial topics surrounding them. As the chatterbots mechanically mimic human language, a fundamental question can be raised: one day in the near future will they be able to replace human conversational partners? Ultimately we must ponder whether chatterbots really can use human language and how artificial language comes to the symbolic level, a distinctive feature of the former. For these problematic lines of questioning, the concept of narrative intelligence (Paul Ricoeur) can provide an interesting argument with a particular aspect constituting personal identity: ipseity and alterity. Following this hermeneutic stance, we can say that personal identity is of great importance. As for personal identity, we can distinguish two levels: identity as sameness (performance) and identity as alteration (diversité) following P. Ricoeur's theory of narrativity. Accordingly, the question of personal identity is closely aligned with the question of the self (le soi). In particular the concept of le soi should not be thought of without considering that of ipseity. The very idea of ipseity is located at the level of the self (le soi) on which all aspects of the self (myself, yourself, himself, ourselves, yourselves, and so forth) can be distributed respectively. P. Ricoeur accurately pointed out that this question of self as le soi is not the question of what, but rather of who. Not only are the ipseity and le soi rendered over the temporal dimension, but they are also involved in the ethical level, because the question of self can not be separated from the agent of an action as the ‘assignation of an agent.' Correspondingly the other humanistic perspectives like Ernst Cassirer's ‘symbolic pregnance' conception and Merleau-Ponty's ontological phenomenology can naturally join with the Ricoeurian hermeneutic perspective to further investigate how closely interconnected the bodily function and mechanism of gennerating meanings[Bedeutung]. To our knowledge, this distinctive genuinely human characteristic makes a decisive difference between robotic artificial intelligence and human narrative intelligence. Therefore no matter which forms chatbots take in the future, we can hardly imagine that they could access the symbolic level of human language.

Digital publication is the new publication system to deliver contents through the internet by editing and processing contents by using digital technology. Digital publication is a publication in a different area with a concept of traditional publication and a similar concept with electronic publishing. Digital publication in China is a newly publication form which is observed carefully by the Chinese government but it is the area which has been developing fast recently, so it is under the powerful regulation and supervision of Chinese government and it was tightened up the law and merged the departments to manage more effectively and it was created new department. These consistent changes of system of Chinese government are to meet the demands of the times and to take the lead of revolution and innovation according to the development of technology. However, there is a clear limit for it is the changes and innovation marked with a side dot on the management and supervision rather than promotion, and in the present, the talks on the FTA between Korea and China has been making progress actively, it is possible to estimate the future of Chinese publication by recognizing the system changes of Chinese digital publication industry, movement of the government and its limitation. This research classifies the development aspect of digital publication in China into era of device, era of platform and era of contents and shows how digital publishing in China has been developed and grown. It presents suggestions through the connection of the development of digital publication in China and IP industry and the potential of future growth through further connection of cultural industry.

Due to the constant aestheticisation of objects in our daily lives, the consumer's vision and attitude change regularly. This mutation is characterized by an increasingly marked eclecticism and hedonism, as the individual seems to favour a mixture of styles and objects that reflect both his pleasure and his personality. This emerging phenomenon leads companies and stakeholders to ask themselves a number of questions: how is this perception and this aesthetic attitude formed? How are the corresponding judging and evaluation processes put in place? Are there, therefore, different aesthetic profiles that can shed light on these preferences and choices? To answer these many questions, we examined the different aesthetic perception and evaluation mechanisms involved. This innovative approach involved the use of an appropriate and adapted measurement scale: the aesthetic style scale, capable of evaluating the processes implemented in this context as well as determining the existing aesthetic profiles.

Recent legislative developments have contributed to the transformation of professional practices, forcing public organizations to diversify their resources. New public management principles raise a series of uncertainties related to the pursuit of conflicting objectives. Which behavioral practices of public management best fit with objectives of general interest ? Are the ongoing changes in the political and legislative context reflecting these directions ? While professionals are looking for new organizational benchmarks, the tensions inherent to the integration of multiple rationalities reveal serious difficulties in reconciling the mission of general interest with the functioning of the public service. An exploratory approach conducted with five museums of France underlines of the uncertainties experienced by professionals. A cross-cutting reflection on health professionals at the public hospital, under the influence of a logic budgetary rigor and rationalisation of the adminsitrative activity renews the interrogation on the various practives professionals in public management.